All the spy circuits presented below are significantly powerful, hard to trace in their hidden positions, and equipped for grasping even the weakest of whispers in the vicinity. Moreover the designs are capable of transmitting the picked information upto radial distances exceeding 2 kms.
The above extraordinary capabilities have forced the legal authorities to enforce stringent laws against the use of these transmitters without permission, so before you make and use one of these make sure you have all the legal formalities completed.
You might have already come across a host of these extremely basic one transistor FM transmitter circuits, however these may incorporate certain drawbacks as mentioned below:
No substantial transmitting range.
No enhanced sensitivity range
Use 1.5V for operating which render limited capabilities.
Among the first in the line, which is probably the simplest is shown in the following circuit diagram.
Surprisingly it does not employ a MIC, rather the antenna coil itself performs a dual function of detecting sound vibrations and also transmitting it into the atmosphere.
The design is void of a frequency determining stage and thus does not come under tuned transmitter circuits (we’ll discuss about these later on in the article).
The following single transistor FM bug circuit may be understood as follows:
When switched ON, the capacitor 22n inhibits the transistor from switching until it gets charged. A soon as this happens the transistor switches ON via the 47k resistor forcing the pulse through the inductor which feeds back a negative pulse to the base of the transistor discharging the 22n capacitor. This switches OFF the transistor until 22n yet again charges fully. The procedures take place rapidly generating a frequency across the coil which is transmitted as carrier waves through the connected antenna.
In the course if the coil is subjected to an external vibrational pulse, it’s forced to mount the above explained carrier waves in the air and could be received and retrieved over a standard FM radio positioned and tuned at the same frequency nearby.
The circuit may be expected to work at around 90MHz frequency band.
The second example below shows another single transistor FM spy circuit that incorporates a tuned circuit or a frequency determining stage in it. In the original prototype the coil was created by etching a spiral track layout on the PCB itself, however for optimal gain and performance such etched antenna coil must be avoided and the traditional wire wound type of coil must be employed.
Below's another circuit you would like to know about. The circuit basically makes use of the “Q factor” of the tank network achieved from the coil and the capacitor for generating a relatively high voltage. This stepped up potential attributes the circuit with a rather longer range of transmission.
For an improved performance make sure the coil and the capacitor are positioned as close as possible. Insert the coil leads as deep down the PCB as possible in order to make it tightly hugging the PCB. C2 value could be tweaked for achieving even better response from the circuit. Preferably a 10pF could be tried. The coil is made of 5 turns of 1mm thick super enamelled copper wire, with 7mm diameter.
The next FM transmitter design is a bit different than the above types. Fundamentally the design could be classified as a common emitter type, unlike the others which are rather common base types with their design. The circuit employs an inductor at its base which adds a better saturation capability to the device which in turn allows the transistor to respond in a much healthier way.
The next design in the list is much superior to its previous counterparts since it uses a slug based variable inductor. This enables the transmitter to be tuned by adjusting the slug core using a screwdriver. In this configuration we can see the coil being attached to the collector of the transistor which allows a massive 200 meters range to the design, with a current that may be not more than 5mA. The MIC stage is isolated from the base with the help of a 1u capacitor and the gain of the mic could be well tweaked by adjusting the series 22k resistor.
This circuit could be rated as the best as far range is concerned however it may lack stability which could be improved, we’ll learn how in the following explanation.
The stability of the above circuit could be improved by tapping the antenna from one top turn of the coil as shown in the following figure. This actually enhances the response of the circuits due to a couple of reasons. The antenna gets aloof from the collector of the transistor allowing it to function freely without unnecessary loading, and the slipping of the antenna to the top further allows the relevant side of the coil to get a higher stepped up voltage induced across itself and also the coil generating a higher concentration of transmission power on the antenna. Although this enhancement may not actual increase the range of the device, it makes sure that the circuit does not get rattled when hand held, or when the grip is encircled close over the circuit inside its enclosure.
If you want your bug circuit to transmit music instead of spying or eavesdropping, you would probably find the following design interesting. The proposed FM transmitter will allow combining a stereo input simultaneously from the source so that the info contained inside both the channels get into the air for an optimal reception. The design configuration is quite identical to the one that’s discussed above so does not need much of an explanation.
Analyzing a Two Transistor Spy Circuit
Adding a transistor stage to the above discussed single transistor FM transmitters could enable the designs with extreme sensitivity. An electret MiC itself has a built in FET which makes it very efficient and makes it a stand alone vibration amplifier device. Adding another transistor stage with it enhances the sensitivity of the device to overwhelming limits. As may be witnessed in the following diagram, the involvement of an extra transistor stage adds up to the gain of the MIC making the entire unit highly sensitive such that it now picks even the sound as low as a pin dropping on the floor . The extra transistor prevents excessive loading of the MIC thereby ensuring better efficiency to the sensitivity.
Five things that that make the circuit extremely good with it reception are:
The use of a fix capacitor in the tank circuit along with a adjustable trimmer.
A low value coupling capacitor with the MIC sufficient to handle the capacitive reactance of the MIC which may be around 4k at 3kHz.
A 1u coupler is included between the oscillator and the audio amplifier in order to make up for the low impedance rendered by the 47k base resistor.
The coil used is wound practically using super enameled copper wire which ensures higher efficiency than PCB etched type of coil.
The entire circuit could be compactly constructed over a small sized PCB for acquiring better stability and a drift free frequency response.
The above extraordinary capabilities have forced the legal authorities to enforce stringent laws against the use of these transmitters without permission, so before you make and use one of these make sure you have all the legal formalities completed.
You might have already come across a host of these extremely basic one transistor FM transmitter circuits, however these may incorporate certain drawbacks as mentioned below:
No substantial transmitting range.
No enhanced sensitivity range
Use 1.5V for operating which render limited capabilities.
Among the first in the line, which is probably the simplest is shown in the following circuit diagram.
Surprisingly it does not employ a MIC, rather the antenna coil itself performs a dual function of detecting sound vibrations and also transmitting it into the atmosphere.
The design is void of a frequency determining stage and thus does not come under tuned transmitter circuits (we’ll discuss about these later on in the article).
The following single transistor FM bug circuit may be understood as follows:
When switched ON, the capacitor 22n inhibits the transistor from switching until it gets charged. A soon as this happens the transistor switches ON via the 47k resistor forcing the pulse through the inductor which feeds back a negative pulse to the base of the transistor discharging the 22n capacitor. This switches OFF the transistor until 22n yet again charges fully. The procedures take place rapidly generating a frequency across the coil which is transmitted as carrier waves through the connected antenna.
In the course if the coil is subjected to an external vibrational pulse, it’s forced to mount the above explained carrier waves in the air and could be received and retrieved over a standard FM radio positioned and tuned at the same frequency nearby.
The circuit may be expected to work at around 90MHz frequency band.
The second example below shows another single transistor FM spy circuit that incorporates a tuned circuit or a frequency determining stage in it. In the original prototype the coil was created by etching a spiral track layout on the PCB itself, however for optimal gain and performance such etched antenna coil must be avoided and the traditional wire wound type of coil must be employed.
Below's another circuit you would like to know about. The circuit basically makes use of the “Q factor” of the tank network achieved from the coil and the capacitor for generating a relatively high voltage. This stepped up potential attributes the circuit with a rather longer range of transmission.
For an improved performance make sure the coil and the capacitor are positioned as close as possible. Insert the coil leads as deep down the PCB as possible in order to make it tightly hugging the PCB. C2 value could be tweaked for achieving even better response from the circuit. Preferably a 10pF could be tried. The coil is made of 5 turns of 1mm thick super enamelled copper wire, with 7mm diameter.
The next FM transmitter design is a bit different than the above types. Fundamentally the design could be classified as a common emitter type, unlike the others which are rather common base types with their design. The circuit employs an inductor at its base which adds a better saturation capability to the device which in turn allows the transistor to respond in a much healthier way.
This circuit could be rated as the best as far range is concerned however it may lack stability which could be improved, we’ll learn how in the following explanation.
Analyzing a Two Transistor Spy Circuit
Adding a transistor stage to the above discussed single transistor FM transmitters could enable the designs with extreme sensitivity. An electret MiC itself has a built in FET which makes it very efficient and makes it a stand alone vibration amplifier device. Adding another transistor stage with it enhances the sensitivity of the device to overwhelming limits. As may be witnessed in the following diagram, the involvement of an extra transistor stage adds up to the gain of the MIC making the entire unit highly sensitive such that it now picks even the sound as low as a pin dropping on the floor . The extra transistor prevents excessive loading of the MIC thereby ensuring better efficiency to the sensitivity.
Five things that that make the circuit extremely good with it reception are:
The use of a fix capacitor in the tank circuit along with a adjustable trimmer.
A low value coupling capacitor with the MIC sufficient to handle the capacitive reactance of the MIC which may be around 4k at 3kHz.
A 1u coupler is included between the oscillator and the audio amplifier in order to make up for the low impedance rendered by the 47k base resistor.
The coil used is wound practically using super enameled copper wire which ensures higher efficiency than PCB etched type of coil.
The entire circuit could be compactly constructed over a small sized PCB for acquiring better stability and a drift free frequency response.
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