Circuit Description
The proposed 48V solar battery charger circuit with low and high cut off feature can be witnessed in the following diagram. The functioning of the circuit may be understood with the following points:
The IC 741 is configured as a comparator and is appropriately stabilized from the high 48V input using zener diodes and potential divider networks across its supply and input pins.
As requested, the input voltage which may be in excess of 50v is acquired from a solar panel and applied to the circuit.
The 10k preset is adjusted such that the power mosfet cuts off when the connected battery reaches the full charge level.
The 22k preset is the hysteresis control for the circuit and also serves as the lower threshold adjustment preset. It should adjusted such the the mosfet just initiates and switches ON at the preferred low battery voltage threshold.
Once the discussed set up is implemented and power switched ON, the discharge level of the battery drags the supply to around 48V forcing pin2 of the IC to go below pin3 potential.
This prompts the IC output pin6 to go high initiating the mosfet connected in series with the ground rail so that the battery becomes integrated with the solar panel supply.
The above also switches ON the BJT BC546 which in turn makes sure that the associated mosfet and te load remains switched OFF.
The proposed 48V solar battery charger circuit with low and high cut off feature can be witnessed in the following diagram. The functioning of the circuit may be understood with the following points:
The IC 741 is configured as a comparator and is appropriately stabilized from the high 48V input using zener diodes and potential divider networks across its supply and input pins.
As requested, the input voltage which may be in excess of 50v is acquired from a solar panel and applied to the circuit.
The 10k preset is adjusted such that the power mosfet cuts off when the connected battery reaches the full charge level.
The 22k preset is the hysteresis control for the circuit and also serves as the lower threshold adjustment preset. It should adjusted such the the mosfet just initiates and switches ON at the preferred low battery voltage threshold.
Once the discussed set up is implemented and power switched ON, the discharge level of the battery drags the supply to around 48V forcing pin2 of the IC to go below pin3 potential.
This prompts the IC output pin6 to go high initiating the mosfet connected in series with the ground rail so that the battery becomes integrated with the solar panel supply.
The above also switches ON the BJT BC546 which in turn makes sure that the associated mosfet and te load remains switched OFF.
As soon as the battery attains the full charge level, pin2 is pulled higher than pin3 rendering the output to a logic low. This instantly switches OFF the ground rail mosfet and the BJT enforcing two things: cutting off supply to the battery and switching ON the load mosfet such that the load now gets access to the supply voltages from the panel as well as the battery.
The feedback hysteresis network formed by the 22k preset and the series 10k resistors ensures that the above action locks ON until the battery voltage reaches below the predetermined lower threshold.
The above circuit may be modified with these specifications by introducing a window comparator stage, as shown at the extreme left of the circuit below.
Here the opamps are replaced by three opamps from the IC LM324.
The window comparator is made by two of the 4 opamps inside the LM324.
A1 preset is set such that its output becomes high at the lower threshold level of 42V. The 100k preset is for adjusting the hysteresis level so that the situation gets latched until 48V is reached.
Similarly A2 preset is set to make the relevant output go high at the higher threshold of 56V.
At voltages between these "windows", the BC546 remains shut off allowing the associated mosfet to conduct and feed the load with the required supply from the battery.
Once the thresholds are crossed, the BC546 is forced to conduct by the relevant opamp shutting down the mosfet and the load.
The feedback hysteresis network formed by the 22k preset and the series 10k resistors ensures that the above action locks ON until the battery voltage reaches below the predetermined lower threshold.
Here the opamps are replaced by three opamps from the IC LM324.
The window comparator is made by two of the 4 opamps inside the LM324.
A1 preset is set such that its output becomes high at the lower threshold level of 42V. The 100k preset is for adjusting the hysteresis level so that the situation gets latched until 48V is reached.
Similarly A2 preset is set to make the relevant output go high at the higher threshold of 56V.
At voltages between these "windows", the BC546 remains shut off allowing the associated mosfet to conduct and feed the load with the required supply from the battery.
Once the thresholds are crossed, the BC546 is forced to conduct by the relevant opamp shutting down the mosfet and the load.
The A3 stage could also be replaced with an identical window comparator as discussed above for controlling the charging of the battery by setting up the presets appropriately, this would allow using all the four opamps from the IC LM324 and also make the operations much accurate and sophisticated.
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